1. What conditions might cause mud to flow?
A lot of rainfall, loose soil, and steep slopes are all conditions that might cause mudflow.

2. What conclusion can you draw from the two images?
The higher the slope, the more likely mudflow is.

3. List at least two ways you could make the mud slide off the 30° slide plane without changing the plane's angle.
- add more water
- shake it/cause vibrations so that the soil loosens.

4. What conditions in nature would be represented by the answers you gave for question 3?
- rainfall/flooding
- earthquake

5. List at least two factors that contribute to the formation of mudflows on volcanoes.
- glacial water build up
- large quantities of ash and debris

6. How might forest fires affect an area's potential for experiencing mudflows?
It would effect it by melting snow, and mix with soil to create mudflow, it would also create more ash and debris.

7. Hypothesize about how mudflows could change the topography of an area after a fire.
Mudflows would change the topography of an area after fire by flattening out the land.

8. What human activities strip soil of its protective vegetation and increase its vulnerability to mudflows?
Human activities such as building buildings and roads, as well as driving strip soil of its protective vegetation and increase its vulnerability to mudflows.

9. Write a paragraph describing the conditions that cause dangerous mudflows. Include the types of locations where mudslides are most likely to occur.
The conditions that are likely to cause dangerous mudflows are wet land, caused by heavy rainfall and flooding, and shaking of the ground caused by earthquakes, as well as steep mountains. Location where mudflows are most likely to have mudslides are mountainous places, and places with a lot of rainfall, as well as places with high earthquake rates.

Mass Movement: Lahar

Type of Mass Movement: Lahar
Definition: Mudflow composed of ash and water. (rain/snow/ice)

Questions - Plate Boundaries

1.What are the first 3 types of plate boundaries listed?
             Divergent, Convergent, and Transform boundaries.

2. What does the word divergent mean in regard to plate movement?  What forces the plates to move apart at divergent boundaries?
             To move apart. They are forced apart by magma pushing up form the mantle.
 
3. Give an example of a specific mid-ocean ridge where seafloor spreading and divergent boundaries occur.  What country sits directly on top of this ridge?  What are the red triangles that are shown on the map of this country?
            The Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland sits directly on top of it. The red triangles represent some of Iceland’s active     volcanoes.

4. What does the word convergent mean in regard to plate movement?
            Convergent means that the plates are moving towards each other.

5. Find the diagrams shown on the website for each of the following kinds of plate boundaries.  Label and post the three diagrams on your blog.

a.     Oceanic-continental convergence

b.     Oceanic-oceanic convergence

c.     Continental-continental convergence

6. When one plate gets pushed below another plate it is called subduction.  What geologic features form on Earth’s surface directly above the subduction zone in the case of:
            a. oceanic-continental convergence? deep sea trench or volcanic arc
            b. oceanic-oceanic convergence? deep sea trench or an island arc
            c. continental-continental convergence? very high mountains

7. What is a transform boundary?  What geological disturbance is caused along transform boundaries?  Where in North America is there an example of this type of plate boundary?
           A transform boundary is when crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide past each other. The San Andreas fault zone is an example of this in North America.

8. Using the Internet and a focused search, identify the type of plate interaction that caused the following features:
    a. Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Divergent
    b. Kuril Trench:  Convergent
    c. Philippine Islands: Convergent
    d. East African Rift Valley: Divergent
    e. Red Sea: Divergent
    f.Peru-Chile Trench: Divergent
    g. Aleutian Islands: Divergent

Geologic Timeline: Follow-up Questions

1. In order for multi-cellular life to take hold, the heavy bombardment had to stop, water had to form, the temperature had to cool, and the atmosphere had to allow for it.
2. I believe that the Proterozoic Era was the most important in terms of the development of the Earth because oxygen began filling the atmosphere and multi-cellular organisms formed, laying the ground work for human existence.
3. I believe that the presence of humans is very insignificant in context of the entire history of the Earth. Out of the estimated 4.5 billions years that Earth has been alive, humans have only been existent for a very short time, barely a blink of an eye in the whole scheme of things.

Geologic Timeline: Follow-up Questions

Science Homework 9/21 Fossil Classification

I think that this would be classified as a Original Remains fossil. I think this because that is typically the kind of fossil shells become. Also, usually what happens with this type of fossil is that circulating ground water (with shells this would mean ocean water) removes the original organic material of the shell, completely replacing it with mineral, resulting in an exact copy of the shells.


I think that this fossil would be classified as a Original Remains fossil. I think this because the insect was encased by the resin while it oozed down the tree and preserved when the resin hardened into amber.

Science Homework 9/17

I Think that the order of the strata, from newest to oldest is 3, 1, 6, 5, 4, 2. I know that layer 4 is older than layer 6 because of the principal of superposition. I know that layer 3 is the newest because of cross-cutting relationships, 3 being the intrusion. I think that 2 is the oldest because even though it goes up past some other layers, it does not come all the way to the surface, and it originates at the very bottom. I also know that layer 1 is newer than layer 5 because of the principal of superposition.